|
Theistic Satanism (also known as traditional Satanism or spiritual Satanism) is the belief that Satan is a supernatural being or force that individuals may contact and supplicate to,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prayers to Satan )〕 and represents loosely affiliated or independent groups and cabals which hold such a belief. Another characteristic of Theistic Satanism include the use of ceremonial magic.〔 Unlike LaVeyan Satanism, as founded by Anton LaVey in the 1960s, theistic Satanism is theistic〔 as opposed to atheistic, believing that Satan (Hebrew: הַשָׂטָן ha-Satan, ‘the accuser’) is a real entity〔 rather than an archetype. The history of theistic Satanism and assessments of its existence and prevalence in history is obscured by it having been grounds for execution at some times in the past, and people having been accused of Satanism who did not worship Satan, such as the witch trials in Early Modern Europe. Most theistic Satanism exists in relatively new models and ideologies, many of which claim not to be involved with the Abrahamic religions at all. ==Possible history== The worship of Satan was a frequent charge against those charged in the witch trials in Early Modern Europe and other witch-hunts such as the Salem witch trials. Worship of Satan was claimed to take place at the Witches' Sabbath.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Servants of Satan )〕 The charge of Satan worship has also been made against groups or individuals regarded with suspicion, such as the Knights Templar, or minority religions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Servants of Satan )〕 In the case of the Knights Templar, the templars' writings mentioned the word 'baphomet', which was a French corruption of the name 'Mohammed' (the prophet of the people who the templars fought against), and that 'baphomet' was falsely portrayed as a demon by the people who accused the templars. It is not known to what extent accusations of groups worshiping Satan in the time of the witch trials identified people who did consider themselves Satanists, rather than being the result of religious superstition or mass hysteria, or charges made against individuals suffering from mental illness. Confessions are unreliable, particularly as they were usually obtained under torture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Servants of Satan )〕 However, scholar Jeffrey Burton Russell, Professor Emeritus of the University of California at Santa Barbara, has made extensive arguments in his book ''Witchcraft in the Middle Ages'' that not all witch trial records can be dismissed and that there is in fact evidence linking witchcraft to gnostic heresies. Russell comes to this conclusion after having studied the source documents themselves. Individuals involved in the Affair of the Poisons were accused of Satanism and witchcraft. Historically, ''Satanist'' was a pejorative term for those with opinions that differed from predominant religious or moral beliefs. Paul Tuitean believes the idea of acts of “reverse Christianity” was created by the Inquisition, but George Bataille believes that inversions of Christian rituals such as the Mass may have existed prior to the descriptions of them which were obtained through the witchcraft trials. In the 18th century various kinds of popular “Satanic” literature began to be produced in France, including some well-known grimoires with instructions for making a pact with the Devil. Most notable are the ''Grimorium Verum'' and ''The Grand Grimoire''. The Marquis de Sade describes defiling crucifixes and other holy objects, and in his novel ''Justine'' he gives a fictional account of the Black Mass, although Ronald Hayman has said Sade's need for blasphemy was an emotional reaction and rebellion from which Sade moved on, seeking to develop a more reasoned atheistic philosophy.〔 〕 In the 19th century, Eliphas Levi published his French books of the occult, and in 1855 produced his well-known drawing of the Baphomet which continues to be used by some Satanists today. That baphomet drawing is the basis of the sigil of Baphomet, which was first adopted by the non-theistic Satanist group called the Church of Satan,〔http://www.churchofsatan.com/images/church-of-satan-logo-black.png〕 and then later adopted in a modified form by the theistic Satanist group called Joy of Satan.〔http://www.angelfire.com/empire/serpentis666/HEADBANNER_2.gif〕 Finally, in 1891, Joris-Karl Huysmans published his Satanic novel, ''Là-bas'', which included a detailed description of a Black Mass which he may have known first-hand was being performed in Paris at the time, or the account may have been based on the masses carried out by Étienne Guibourg, rather than by Huysmans attending himself. Quotations from Huysmans' Black Mass are also used in some Satanic rituals to this day since it is one of the few sources that purports to describe the words used in a Black Mass. The type of Satanism described in ''Là-bas'' suggests that prayers are said to the Devil, hosts are stolen from the Catholic Church, and sexual acts are combined with Roman Catholic altar objects and rituals, to produce a variety of Satanism which exalts the Devil and degrades the God of Christianity by inverting Roman Catholic rites. George Bataille claims that Huysman's description of the Black Mass is “indisputably authentic”.〔 Not all theistic Satanists today routinely perform the Black Mass, possibly because the mass is not a part of modern evangelical Christianity in Protestant countries and so not such an unintentional influence on Satanist practices in those countries. The earliest verifiable theistic Satanist group was a small group called the Ophite Cultus Satanas, which was created in Ohio in 1948. The Ophite Cultus Satanas was inspired by the ancient Ophite sect of Gnosticism, and the horned god of Wicca. The group was dependent upon its founder and leader, and therefore dissolved after his death in 1975. Michael Aquino published a rare 1970 text of a Church of Satan black mass, the ''Missa Solemnis'', in his book ''The Church of Satan'',〔, Appendix 7.〕 and Anton LaVey included a different Church of Satan black mass, the ''Messe Noire'', in his 1972 book ''The Satanic Rituals''. LaVey's books on Satanism, which began in the 1960s, were for a long time the few available which advertised themselves as being Satanic, although others detailed the history of witchcraft and Satanism, such as ''The Black Arts'' by Richard Cavendish published in 1967 and the classic French work ''Satanism and Witchcraft'', by Jules Michelet. Anton LaVey specifically denounced “devil worshippers” and the idea of praying to Satan. Although non-theistic LaVey Satanism had been popular since the publication of ''The Satanic Bible'' in 1969, theistic Satanism did not start to gain any popularity until the emergence of the Order of Nine Angles in western England, and its publication of ''The Black Book of Satan'' in 1984. The next theistic Satanist group to be created was the Misanthropic Luciferian Order, which was created in Sweden in 1995. The MLO incorporated elements from the Order of Nine Angles, the Illuminates of Thanateros, and qliphothic Kabbalah. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Theistic Satanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|